G

g

The label for general intelligence; the idea that intelligence has a single major component

Game tree

A branching structure depicting all the possible moves in a game and their consequences

Generative transformational grammar

 A grammar developed by Noam Chomsky, based on the notion that language is generative, or creative, allowing speakers to understand and produce sentences they have never heard. In this account, phrase structures of sentences; transformational rules convert these to the surface structures that are actually uttered

Grammar

The set of rules pertaining to every component of a language that are internalized by the speaker of the language; also the linguist’s account of those rules

Grammatical relations 

The relations among the grammatical elements in a sentence, such as the constant relation between the subject and the object regardless of whether the sentence is expressed in an active or passive form

Grimm’s law

The sound shifts, noted by Jacob Grimm, that explain the historical relationship between certain Latin and Germanic consonants, for example, Latin p (as inpater)and English f (as in father)

Gyrus

The convex portion of a convolution of the cerebral cortex